Installation ============ Supported Platforms ------------------- Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.3, and 3.4 are supported. Both CPython (the standard Python implementation) and `PyPy `_ are supported and tested. Linux, OSX, and Windows are supported. Installation through pip ------------------------ `pip `_ is the suggested tool for installing packages. It will handle installing all Python dependencies for the driver at the same time as the driver itself. To install the driver*:: pip install cassandra-driver You can use ``pip install --pre cassandra-driver`` if you need to install a beta version. ***Note**: if intending to use optional extensions, install the `dependencies <#optional-non-python-dependencies>`_ first. The driver may need to be reinstalled if dependencies are added after the initial installation. OSX Installation Error ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ If you're installing on OSX and have XCode 5.1 installed, you may see an error like this:: clang: error: unknown argument: '-mno-fused-madd' [-Wunused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future] To fix this, re-run the installation with an extra compilation flag:: ARCHFLAGS=-Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future pip install cassandra-driver .. _windows_build: Windows Installation Notes -------------------------- Installing the driver with extensions in Windows sometimes presents some challenges. A few notes about common hang-ups: Setup requires a compiler. When using Python 2, this is as simple as installing `this package `_ (this link is also emitted during install if setuptools is unable to find the resources it needs). Depending on your system settings, this package may install as a user-specific application. Make sure to install for everyone, or at least as the user that will be building the Python environment. It is also possible to run the build with your compiler of choice. Just make sure to have your environment setup with the proper paths. Make sure the compiler target architecture matches the bitness of your Python runtime. Perhaps the easiest way to do this is to run the build/install from a Visual Studio Command Prompt (a shortcut installed with Visual Studio that sources the appropriate environment and presents a shell). Manual Installation ------------------- You can always install the driver directly from a source checkout or tarball. When installing manually, ensure the python dependencies are already installed. You can find the list of dependencies in `requirements.txt `_. Once the dependencies are installed, simply run:: python setup.py install Verifying your Installation --------------------------- To check if the installation was successful, you can run:: python -c 'import cassandra; print cassandra.__version__' It should print something like "2.7.0". (*Optional*) Compression Support -------------------------------- Compression can optionally be used for communication between the driver and Cassandra. There are currently two supported compression algorithms: snappy (in Cassandra 1.2+) and LZ4 (only in Cassandra 2.0+). If either is available for the driver and Cassandra also supports it, it will be used automatically. For lz4 support:: pip install lz4 For snappy support:: pip install python-snappy (If using a Debian Linux derivative such as Ubuntu, it may be easier to just run ``apt-get install python-snappy``.) (*Optional*) Metrics Support ---------------------------- The driver has built-in support for capturing :attr:`.Cluster.metrics` about the queries you run. However, the ``scales`` library is required to support this:: pip install scales (*Optional*) Non-python Dependencies ------------------------------------ The driver has several **optional** features that have non-Python dependencies. C Extensions ^^^^^^^^^^^^ By default, a number of extensions are compiled, providing faster hashing for token-aware routing with the ``Murmur3Partitioner``, `libev `_ event loop integration, and Cython optimized extensions. When installing manually through setup.py, you can disable both with the ``--no-extensions`` option, or selectively disable them with with ``--no-murmur3``, ``--no-libev``, or ``--no-cython``. To compile the extensions, ensure that GCC and the Python headers are available. On Ubuntu and Debian, this can be accomplished by running:: $ sudo apt-get install gcc python-dev On RedHat and RedHat-based systems like CentOS and Fedora:: $ sudo yum install gcc python-devel On OS X, homebrew installations of Python should provide the necessary headers. See :ref:`windows_build` for notes on configuring the build environment on Windows. Cython-based Extensions ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ By default, this package uses `Cython `_ to optimize core modules and build custom extensions. This is not a hard requirement, but is engaged by default to build extensions offering better performance than the pure Python implementation. This is a costly build phase, especially in clean environments where the Cython compiler must be built This build phase can be avoided using the build switch, or an environment variable:: python setup.py install --no-cython Alternatively, an environment variable can be used to switch this option regardless of context:: CASS_DRIVER_NO_CYTHON=1 - or, to disable all extensions: CASS_DRIVER_NO_EXTENSIONS=1 This method is required when using pip, which provides no other way of injecting user options in a single command:: CASS_DRIVER_NO_CYTHON=1 pip install cassandra-driver CASS_DRIVER_NO_CYTHON=1 sudo -E pip install ~/python-driver The environment variable is the preferred option because it spans all invocations of setup.py, and will prevent Cython from being materialized as a setup requirement. If your sudo configuration does not allow SETENV, you must push the option flag down via pip. However, pip applies these options to all dependencies (which break on the custom flag). Therefore, you must first install dependencies, then use install-option:: sudo pip install six futures sudo pip install --install-option="--no-cython" libev support ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The driver currently uses Python's ``asyncore`` module for its default event loop. For better performance, ``libev`` is also supported through a C extension. If you're on Linux, you should be able to install libev through a package manager. For example, on Debian/Ubuntu:: $ sudo apt-get install libev4 libev-dev On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora:: $ sudo yum install libev libev-devel If you're on Mac OS X, you should be able to install libev through `Homebrew `_. For example, on Mac OS X:: $ brew install libev The libev extension is not built for Windows (the build process is complex, and the Windows implementation uses select anyway). If successful, you should be able to build and install the extension (just using ``setup.py build`` or ``setup.py install``) and then use the libev event loop by doing the following: .. code-block:: python >>> from cassandra.io.libevreactor import LibevConnection >>> from cassandra.cluster import Cluster >>> cluster = Cluster() >>> cluster.connection_class = LibevConnection >>> session = cluster.connect() (*Optional*) Configuring SSL ----------------------------- Andrew Mussey has published a thorough guide on `Using SSL with the DataStax Python driver `_.